INTRODUCTION:

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defense against illness. If a person becomes infected with HIV, they will find it harder to fight off infections and diseases. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell called a T-helper cell and makes copies of it inside the body. T-helper cells are also referred to as CD4 cells. AIDS had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of discrimination. The disease also has large economic impacts. There are many misconceptions about AIDS such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. Primary prevention efforts through effective educational programs are vital for control and prevention. Nurse has an important role in the aspect of promotion of health and prevention of disease. Effective educational programs have been initiated to educate the public regarding safer sexual practices to decrease the risk of transmission.

Working with HIV poses unique challenges to vaccine researchers because of the complicated interactions between the virus and the human immune system, but one trial has demonstrated a moderate degree of success. In 2009, a vaccine candidate studied in a trial of over 16,000 individuals in Thailand was the first to modestly protect against HIV infection. A South African trial testing a new candidate based on this promising vaccine launched in 2015 and is still in progress. Several other planned vaccine trials and research studies that will begin in the coming years will continue to work towards a vaccine that delivers potent protection against HIV.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study to evaluate effectiveness of STP on knowledge and attitude of adolescent students regarding AIDS and its prevention in selected higher secondary schools of Vadodara district.”

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

India is a ‘young society’ Adolescent people in India today number more than 280 million and form more than a quarter of the population. Over 35% of all reported AIDS cases in India occur among young people in the age group of 15-24 years, Indicating that young people are at high risk of contracting HIV infection. Reaching youngsters at an impressionable age before they become sexually active, can lay the foundations for a responsible lifestyle, including sex and marriage. The solution to this grave problem lies in their own hands. A little caution on every one’s part is what required to combat the AIDS. After all, though the birth is not at our hands, death,-in man-made disasters such as AIDS, is preventable with our own efforts. Therefore the study aims at investigating the current level of knowledge and attitude regarding AIDS and its prevention and educating young people to take care, also to be responsible for their own health, and in preventing future susceptible AIDS.

OBJECTIVES:

1.To assess the level of knowledge and attitude of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention.

2.To assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge and attitude of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention.

3.To find association between pre test level of knowledge and attitude among higher secondary students in selected demographic variables.

4.To find correlation between knowledge and attitude of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention.

HYPOTHESES:

H1: There will be significant improvement in the post test knowledge score of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention.

H2: There will be significant difference in the post test attitude of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention.

H3: There will be significant association pre test level of knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variables.

H4: There will be significant co relation between knowledge and attitude of higher secondary students regarding AIDS and its prevention

Operational Definitions:

Effectiveness: “It is the expected/desired improvement in the knowledge and attitude of adolescent students regarding AIDS and its prevention as measured by a structured questionnaire, attitude scale and checklist respectively as evident from the post-test scores”.

Structured Teaching Programme:

It is a systematically developed teaching programme on AIDS and its prevention for adolescent students by utilizing lecture method and discussion with the use of audio-visual aids like charts, overhead projector and black board. The content of teaching includes introduction to AIDS causative organism, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, social and emotional aspects of AIDS, management and prevention of AIDS, risk prone and non risk-prone behaviour towards AIDS.

Knowledge:

It refers to the response of adolescent students on AIDS and its prevention as evident from the knowledge scores.

Attitude:

It refers to the desirable change in the way of thinking of adolescent students about AIDS and its prevention as evident from the attitude scores.

Adolescent Students:

It refers to the students who are formerly admitted and enrolled to 11^th and 12^th standard course of Arts, Commerce and science in selected school of Vadodara District.

ASSUMPTIONS:

· Adolescent students will have limited knowledge on AIDS and its prevention.

· Structured Teaching Programme is the best means of imparting the knowledge and development of positive attitude and behavior with regard to AIDS and its prevention.

· Increase in the level of knowledge will influence the development of positive attitude and behavior of the adolescent students.

·Socio-demographic variables contribute to the level of knowledge and attitude of adolescent students with regard to AIDS and its prevention

VARIABLES:

Independent variable:

Structured Teaching Programme.

Dependent Variables :

Knowledge and Attitude

DATA ANALYSIS:

Table.1: differences between pre test and post test knowledge score.

SR No	Knowledge aspects	Max score	Pre-Test Knowledge Scores			Post-test knowledge scores			Mean difference	Df	t value	Inference
SR No	Knowledge aspects	Max score	Mean	Mean %	SD	Mean	Mean %	SD	Mean difference	Df	t value	Inference
1	Introduction of AIDS	6	2.48	41.33%	0.91	4.21	70.16%	0.66	1.73	149	21.62	S
2	Causative organism of AIDS and disposing factors of AIDS.	10	3.52	35.2%	1.01	6.64	66.4%	1.05	3.12	149	28.36	S
3	Agent- host factors of HIV	4	1.44	36%	0.72	2.64	66%	0.63	1.2	149	17.14	S
4	Route of AIDS transmission and diagnosis of HIV	6	2.06	34.33%	0.84	4	66.66%	0.72	1.96	149	24.25	S
5	Social and emotional aspects and non risk behavior of AIDS	4	1.46	36.5%	0.65	2.7	67.5%	0.70	1.24	149	17.71	S
6	Overall knowledge	30	10.96	36.55%	1.8	20.2	67.33%	1.58	9.24	149	48.63	S

TABLE-2: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRE TEST and POST TEST ATTITUDE SCORES

Attitude aspects

Max score

PRE-TEST ATTITUDE SCORES

POST-TEST ATTITUDE

SCORES

Mean difference

t value

Inference

Mean

Mean %

Mean

Mean %

Over all

125

77.22

61.80%

3.89

102.92

82.33%

3.43

25.7

149

98.84

TABLE-3: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND PRE TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE

Knowledge scores of sample no. 1-150

Median = 11

SR. No	variables	Scores which falls at Median and Above	Scores which falls below the Median	Total	X²	Level of significance
1	GENDER
	Male	30	24	54	1.0	NS
	Female	57	39	96
	Total	87	63	150
2	ORDINAL POSITION
	1	24	15	39	0.51	NS
	2	51	32	83
	3	15	13	28
	Total	90	60	150
3	FAMILY TYPE				3.86	S
	Single	38	36	74
	Joint	52	24	76
	Total	90	60	150
4	HABITUAL PATTERN
	Alcoholism	0	0	0	2.83	NS
	Smoking	5	7	12
	Chewing pan	35	17	52
	Any other	51	35	86
	Total	91	59	150
5	LEISURE TIME HABIT
	Yoga and meditation	18	16	34	23.13	S
	Sports and cultural	58	24	82
	Watching TV	33	38	41
	Any other	2	2	4
	Total	111	80	150

TABLE-4: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES and PRE TEST ATTITUDE SCORE

Attitude scores of sample no. 1-150

Median = 76

SR No	variables	Scores which falls at Median and Above	Scores which falls below the Median	Total	X²	Level of significance
1	GENDER				1.08	NS
	Male	32	22	54
	Female	47	49	96
	Total	79	71	150
2	ORDINAL POSITION				0.30	NS
	1	19	20	39
	2	45	38	83
	3	15	13	28
	Total	79	71	150
3	FAMILY TYPE				11.68	S
	Single	36	40	76
	Joint	43	31	74
	Total	79	71	150
4	HABITUAL PATTERN				3.42	NS
	Alcoholism	0	0
	Smoking	6	6	12
	Chewing pan	33	19	52
	Any other	40	46	86
	Total	79	71	150
5	LEISURE TIME HABIT				6.99	NS
	Yoga and meditation	24	12	36
	Sports and cultural	43	33	76
	Watching TV	25	20	45
	Any other	0	4	4
	Total	92	69	161

DISCUSSION:

The analysis of the data was based on the objectives and hypotheses. The descriptive and infertial statistics were mean, frequency, mean percentage and standard deviation with tabular presentation of the data. Inferential statistics used were paired t- test to compare pre and post test knowledge score and Attitude score χ2 test will be used to find out the association between selected variables with post test knowledge scores and Attitude score. Than find the correlation value obtained by using Karl Pearson’s formula used to find out the correlation with selected variables to compare pretest and post test knowledge and attitude of higher secondary students.

REFERENCES:

1. Anahita Tavoosi, Azadeh Zaferani, Anahita Enzevaei, Parvin Tajik, and Zahra Ahmadinezhad, Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among Iranian students. BMC Public Health. 2004; 4: 17

2. Basawanthappa. BT. Nursing research. new Delhi: jaypee brothers, india: 2001 41. Facilitators and barrier to HIV screening: A qualitative meta – synthesis, qual health res (2016) 26 (3) 294-306

3. Cemba Ana, knowledge and attitude and practice linked to HIV prevention in young children and adolescents in Luanda, UNICEF, Apr 2003

4. Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, HIV/AIDS Case Surveillance Report March 2013

5. Gonzalo Bacigalupe, Kathryn Cantrell, Rachel Chickerella, “The Power of Online Patient Communities for HIV Youth, Date: 15 June 2016

6. Hockenberry Wilson.”Essentials of Pediatric Nursing”. 8^th edition. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier Publications; 2009 P no. 943.

7. National family health survey (NFHS-3) 2005-06 India: volume I. Mumbai IIPS. JUNE 23,2010

8. Pranee Liamputtong, “Children, Young People and HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective” Date: 15 June 2016

9. Yaya S, Bishwajit G, Danhoundo G, Shah V, Ekholuenetale M, "Trends and determinants of HIV/AIDS knowledge among women in Bangladesh", BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 17;16(1):812, PMID:27535231

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

SR. NO.	ABBREVATION	MEANING
1	HIV	Human immune deficiency virus
2	CD4	cluster of differentiation 4
3	AIDS	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
4	STP	Structured teaching programme
5	CHN	Community Health Nursing
6	HOD	Head of department
7	ART	Anti retroviral therapy
8	NIAID	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
9	NACO	National AIDS control organization
10	UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
11	and	And
12	F	Frequency
13	%	Percentage
14	Df	Degree of freedom
15	SD	Standard deviation
16	S	Significance
17	NS	Non significance

Received on 31.05.2017 Modified on 11.08.2017

Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2017; 5(4): 293-298.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2017.00063.4

Research Approach	Evaluative Approach
Research Design	One group pre test post test Design
Variable	Independent, dependent and demographic variables
Setting	Shree Ambe Vidyalaya , Waghodia Road, Vadodara. Gujarat 390019.
Population	Adolescent students studying in higher secondary schools of vadodara district.
Samples	150 adolescent students
Sampling Technique	Non probability Purposive sampling technique
Tool- Development	Section 1: Socio demographic variable Section 2: structured knowledge questionnaire Section 3: Attitude Scale
Content Validity	Suggestion from various experts i. e. Master in the field of Community Health Nursing the Asst. Prof. -07, M.A in ( Gujarati and English) – 02
Reliability	Using Karl’s Person’s correlation coefficient formula and the r value was 0.99 thus the tool is reliable.
Pilot study	pilot study was conducted from 16th September to 20th September 2016 in school of new heaven vidyalaya of vadodara district. 15 Students were selected by non probability convenience sampling technique. It included both male and female from science, commerce and arts group.
Data collection procedure	The data collection procedure for the main study was carried out from 1 sep. 2016 to 22 sep. 2016. The students were made into 6 batches consisting of 50 students in each batch separately for group respectively. The self administered knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale were administered to the participants and than give intervention by STP On AIDS and its prevention. On 8th day, the same tools were administered to the group.
Analysis of data	Consolidated and organized the collected data in a master sheet, Frequencies and percentage for the analysis of socio demographic data, knowledge and attitude scores , Mean, Mean percentage and standard deviation of knowledge and attitude scores , Paired “t” test to compare knowledge score the pre test and post test scores of the participants., Correlation co efficient to study the relationship between knowledge and attitude scores, Chi square test to study the association of knowledge and attitude with selected socio demographic variables.